Stroke has now become the leading cause of severe disability. Rehabilitation robots are gradually becoming popular for stroke rehabilitation to improve motor recovery, as robotic technology can assist, enhance, and further quantify rehabilitation training for stroke patients. However, most of the available rehabilitation robots are complex and involve multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) causing it to be very expensive and huge in size. Rehabilitation robots should be useful but also need to be affordable and portable enabling more patients to afford and train independently at home. This paper presents a development of an affordable, portable and compact rehabilitation robot that implements different rehabilitation strategies for stroke patient to train forearm and wrist movement in an enhanced virtual reality environment with haptic feedback.

Stroke is a global health problem and leading cause of severe disabilities. Majority stroke survivors have impaired upper limb and body balance problems which influence their performance for activity of daily living. Kinect-based system for home-based virtual rehabilitation becoming popular and be proven much more effective than regular therapy. However, most of the Kinect Rehabilitation Systems are lacking in reported in functional and validation data because majority of systems are only at a proof concept stage. Besides that, lack of proper exercise routines to convert conventional rehabilitation training into virtual reality gaming training. Using research and recommendations from physiotherapists, Kinect-based virtual reality game-Durian Runtuh was developed to build an effective rehabilitation system. Durian Runtuh consists of four exercise routines to train patient's body balance and limb impairment. It is a simple-to-use system with attractive game environment to increase the motivation and attention of patients. This paper will present the design of the virtual reality system-Durian Runtuh and enhancing effectiveness of the Kinect game.

The ability to perform activities of daily living such as eating, drinking or writing is limited after a stroke. Rehabilitation is to encourage the recovery process and to define effective rehabilitation procedures, quantitative assessment should be included. Conventional assessment scales such as Fugl-Meyer and Motor Assessment Scale have several limitations as the scales are subjective, provide only rough estimates, and are highly dependent on the ability of the trained physiotherapist; making it difficult to quantify impairment and disability. Using these methods, small changes due to stroke are often undetected. Therefore, precise and objective measurement of motor impairment is needed to monitor and quantify the patient's progress. This paper presents the design and development of an interactive rehabilitation and assessment tool, iRest. This system does not use any robotic actuator but only uses a small DC motor to generate vibration. Three robotic assessment modules were developed as a virtual reality (VR) environments namely Draw I, Draw Diamond and Draw Circle. The design of this VR considers the required movement in activities of daily living, including isolated and combined movements.

An efficient algorithm in allocating resources to active flows is important since it will affect the individual user’s throughput and fairness. Thus, it is important to choose an optimal packet scheduler scheme to be used in order to schedule this active flow. In this paper, we have studied five downlink packet scheduling algorithms in LTE-Sim which can be used to schedule real-time traffic such as video. The aim of this study is to determine the most suitable packet scheduling algorithm in order to schedule the video flows. The performance of these packet scheduling algorithms are evaluated based on the performance metric of throughput, delay, fairness and packet loss rate (PLR). Simulation results indicated that FLS outperformed others in all situations. Thus it is concluded that FLS is the most suitable packet scheduling algorithm to schedule video flows

Self-Organizing Network (SON) mechanism comprises of three components of self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing which can contribute to optimize the performance of the next generation broadband network such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The aim of this study is to propose a self-organizing handover procedure based on the Self-Organizing Network (SON) concept for LTE network. The simulation of the proposed SON-based handover mechanism was conducted using the QualNet software. The two main handover parameters that have been modified are the Hysteresis (Hys) and Time-To-Trigger (TTT). The outcome of the simulation shows the network performance is better after optimizing the Hys and TTT of the handover parameters. The LTE network performance shows remarkable improvement in terms of network throughput, delay and jitter.

Self-Organizing Network (SON) mechanism comprises of three components of self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing which can contribute to optimize the performance of the next generation broadband network such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The aim of this study is to propose a self-organizing handover procedure based on the Self-Organizing Network (SON) concept for LTE network. The simulation scenario and analysis on the performance of the proposed SON-based handover was conducted using the QualNet software. The two main handover parameters that have been modified are the Hysteresis (Hys) and Time-To-Trigger (TTT). The outcome of the simulation shows the network performance is better after optimizing the Hys and TTT setting of the handover parameters. In particular the LTE network shows remarkable improvement in the network throughput and smaller network delay. This study will be beneficial to future research works as the trend in the communication technologies are always changing rapidly and the self-manage mechanism will become essential for the network operators.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) network is the latest technology before the presence of Advanced-LTE (LTE-A). LTE is introduced by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to improve the mobile phone standard to cope with future technology evolutions and needs. Recently, femtocell which known as Home NodeB (HNB) is the remarkable technology network that implanted in the LTE network in order to fulfill the upcoming demand of high data rates. However, as the User Equipment (UE) is allowed to move freely with different network it causes changed in handover rate and hence, probability of drop call increased. In addition, different speed of UE also affects the number of handover and drop call rate. This paper analyzed on the load balancing scheme based on performance of handover and dropped call rate with different number of UE and different speed of UE. The scheme requests femtocell which deployed into macrocell based on velocity of UE by considering the number of UE. The handover procedure is determined by using simulation based on the number of UE and UE velocity. The simulation results show a significant improvement in term of handover and drop call rates and enhanced better performance of femtocell in LTE network.

Healthcare solutions through the introduction of wearable healthcare devices are benefitting from Internet of Things technology. Though these small form-factor wearable devices promise great benefits, guaranteeing long device operating lifetime is yet the biggest challenge due to high-energy consumption. In this paper, a reduced hardware architecture system-on-chip targeting digital block design was proposed higher energy efficiency. The design has been verified by synthesizing into FPGA and implemented in silicon based on Silterra 180nm process. Results show that the proposed design achieved reduction up to 24% of leakage power and 15% of dynamic power reduction over reference design. In addition, 24.3% of excessive area was reduced by using the proposed reduced hardware architecture technique.