A new type of C-shaped antenna, which is designed by combining a loop antenna and a planar inverted-L antenna, is proposed for designing a miniature tag antenna for on-metal applications. The proposed tag antenna can be easily made by folding a piece of flexible substrate. It is electrically small and low in profile, with a circuit size of 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm (0.122λ × 0.122λ × 0.005λ). The antenna consists of five patch segments, which can be adjusted for achieving multiple degrees of tuning freedom. By tuning the antenna impedance, a conjugate match can be easily obtained. When mounted on a 20 × 20 cm2 metal plate, the proposed tag antenna is able to achieve a maximum read distance of 9.2 m with equivalent isotropic radiated power of 4 W, which is much better than the conventional loop antenna. The operating frequency of the proposed tag antenna is found to be very stable and it is not affected much when the dimensions of the backing metal object are varied.

For the first time, the folded crossed-dipole structure is explored for designing a compact metal tag (40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm) that can be read in all boresight directions. The tag structure consists of a pair of folded crossed-dipoles which are orthogonally displaced for achieving polarization diversity, where the angular reading range has been extended by removing the null points. In the design, a parasitic metal ring is loaded beneath the radiator for tuning down the tag resonant frequency effectively. Good impedance matching with high power transmission is achievable by employing additional tuning mechanisms such as slotting the radiating dipole arms and adding rectangular patches beneath the slots. Design schemes for optimizing the impedance matching between the antenna and the chip have also been thoroughly discussed. Conjugate impedance match is found to be easily achievable by tuning the design parameters. To understand the impedance characteristics, an equivalent circuit has been derived for the proposed tag antenna. When tested using a linearly polarized reader antenna with a transmitting power of 4 W EIRP, the tag antenna is detectable from 5.6 m to 7.7 m in the boresight and it can be read in all directions.

A compact UHF tag antenna, which consists of a bowtieshaped folded patch antenna and two split ring resonators (SRRs), is proposed for on-metal applications. This antenna is made by using a flexible substrate and it is electrically small, having a circuit size of 40 mm × 40 mm × 3.18 mm (0.122λ × 0.122λ × 0.010λ). The SRRs introduce additional capacitance and inductance to the tag antenna's impedance for achieving a conjugate match with the chip's impedance. It is also found that the SRRs improve the radiation efficiency of the proposed tag antenna. The proposed tag antenna is able to achieve a far read distance of 9.5 m on metal when tested at EIRP power of 4 W. Most importantly, the resonant frequency of the proposed tag is stable and it is not affected much by the size and curvature of the backing metallic object.

Advance of knowledge in material engineering has introduced stretchable electronic materials which can be stretched, bended or twisted and it is beneficial for consumer product manufacturing. This paper aims to study the effect of process combination of standard printing process in surface mount technology and thermoforming process on a stretchable conductive polymer to form a 3-dimensional electronic device. The polymer comprised of silver particles as fillers was prepared to produce a conductive and stretchable behavior which can withstand high temperature deformation. It was printed on a flat substrate using a screen printing technique and then being thermoformed to produce 3-dimensional shape of automotive rear lighting. Mechanical and electrical performances of the thermoformed product were characterized before and after thermoforming process to study the reliability of LEDs assembly with stretchable circuits. Four point probes instrument was used to measure resistivity of the printed circuit which was elongated due to thermoforming process. The elongation of circuit varied throughout the lighting prototype depending on complex geometry of mould. Conductivity of the circuit was also tested by LEDs illumination. Results of microscopy investigation, x-ray imaging and thermal cycling show good performances of LEDs joints. This new manufacturing process of printed circuit offers a promising future alternative method in manufacturing of 3-dimensional electronic device.

Drill impact driver is commonly used for the purposes of drilling and screwing. To operate, a large amount of torque needed to be produced. Larger torque will exert bigger working power, thus increasing the efficiency of the performance of the driver. As there are many types of drill impact driver, the one that exerted the highest torque is by using a direct impact mechanism between the anvil and the striker. The combination of the spring and gearing system will provide the highest forward-trust torque. However, this combination of impact mechanism generatesthe highest noise comparing to other drill impact that only uses either gear system only or the mechanism do not have direct contact and are damped with special fluid. Therefore, a study ofrelationship between the areas of impact to the sound pressure level is needed to be done in order to achieve the optimum surface area of impact that generates the lowest sound. Microphone 01dBA SOLO Sound Level Meter (SLM) and Dewesoft software are used to capture and analyse the noise data of the drop impact of five aluminium cylinders with dif erent impact area towards its respective sound pressure level.

Conventional public safety surveillance video camera systems required 24/7 monitoring of security officers with video wall display installed in the control room. When a crime or incident is reported, all the recorded surveillance video streams nearby the incident area are playback simultaneously on video wall to help locate the target person. The security officers can fast forward the video playback to speed up the video search, but it requires massive manpower if there are hundreds of video streams required to be examined on the video wall. One of the possible solutions is through a suitable video indexing and retrieval technique to prioritize the video frames that need to be processed. This paper presents a WiFi sniffer enabled surveillance camera, with 3-stage WiFi frame inspection filter and the use of collected WiFi signal strength for filtering, to tag the collected WiFi MAC addresses to the surveillance video frames according to the time of the MAC address is sniffed. Additional metadata (WiFi MAC address of smartphone) collected during the occurrence of the incident can be used to prioritize the retrieving of surveillance video frames for subsequent image processing.

In this paper we present a real-time person detection system suitable for use in Intelligent Car or Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). The system is based on modified You only Look Once (YOLO) which uses 7 convolutional neural network layers. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the person detection system is reliable for real time operation. The performance of the detection is benchmarked using the standard testing datasets from Caltech and measured using Piotr’s Matlab Toolbox. The results benchmarking is emphasizing on the performance of false positive per image (FPPI) over the miss rate. ADAS demands both relatively good detection and accuracy in order to work in real time operation. A good detection result is marked by achieving low miss rate and low FPPI. This requirement was achieved by the modified YOLO with 28.5%, 26.4% and 22.7% miss rate at 0.1 FPPI and believed to be an excellent candidate for use in ADAS.

The quality of Electrocardiography (ECG) signal is dependent on the electrode’s performance. Comfort and long-term monitoring are the main benefits of a dry and flexible electrode compared to conventional silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. The main objective of this study is to develop high performance textile-based electrode by optimising fabrication method and electrode design. Cotton fabric was dipped into graphene oxide (GO), followed by reduction process to form reduced graphene oxide-cotton (rGOC), where L-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) was used as the reducing agent. Conductivity and skin-electrode interface impedance of the fabricated cotton were characterized using Four-point probe (Van der Pauw) and Potentiostat, respectively. This study focuses on the investigation of electrode design that includes fabrication methods, electrode sizes and shapes. The performance of the reduced GO-based cotton (rGOC) electrode in terms of ECG signal quality was compared to conventional Ag/AgCl electrode and metal clamp under static and dynamic wearable conditions. Results from the conducted experiments show that the fabricated electrode’s performance is influenced by dipping time and electrode design, with circle-shape electrode shows the highest conductivity (up to 9k S/m at 1 cm2 area) compared to square- and rectangular-shape electrodes (<8k S/m and 14.55 S/m, respectively, at 1 cm2 area). The circle-shape rGOC electrode’s performed better (SNR 14.85±0.22 dB) than Ag/AgCl electrode (SNR 11.26±0.18 dB) and metal clamp (SNR 12.28±0.72 dB) in capturing static ECG signal. A wearable circle rGOC electrode with 1.7 cm radius performed also similarly under static (SNR 32.60±0.72 dB) and dynamic (SNR 30.27±1.37 dB) ECG monitoring, respectively.